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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/10174/41758
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| Title: | Le cuir en France dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle |
| Authors: | IBLED, Jeanne Marie France |
| Advisors: | Nègre, Valérie |
| Keywords: | Cuir Tannerie Chaussure Maroquinerie Artisanat Désindustrialisation Leather Tannery Maroquinerie Craftsmanship Désindustrialisation |
| Issue Date: | 16-Sep-2025 |
| Publisher: | Université Paris 1 Phantéon-Sorbonne |
| Abstract: | Le cuir, matière d’apparence immuable, traverse la seconde moitié du XXe siècle en France
au rythme de profonds bouleversements économiques, techniques, sociaux et symboliques.
D’un produit artisanal issu de réseaux anciens, il devient un objet industriel, encadré,
standardisé, puis remis en cause. L’élevage s’intensifie sous l’effet des politiques agricoles ;
les abattoirs se modernisent et se rationalisent. Le cuir en hérite directement, puisque les
peaux sont des sous-produits. Mais l’ensemble de la filière se trouve rapidement confrontée à
une série de crises : désindustrialisation, concurrence internationale, montée des matériaux
synthétiques, transformation des goûts. L’artisanat se replie, les bassins historiques déclinent,
les petites entreprises ferment, les grandes délocalisent.
Parallèlement, les usages du cuir se diversifient et se recomposent. Matière de prestige dans la
chaussure, le vêtement ou l’ameublement, il devient un symbole de force, de sexualité, de
subversion, jusqu’à incarner certains courants contestataires. Mais il cristallise aussi des
tensions nouvelles. Les critiques envers l’exploitation animale, longtemps marginales,
s’ancrent dans des mouvements structurés – véganisme, bien-être animal, antispécisme – qui
contribuent à redéfinir les normes de consommation. Le cuir devient matière polémique. Face
à ces enjeux, la filière répond par des stratégies de moralisation : valorisation du recyclage,
durabilité, traçabilité, retour au végétal, défense du luxe et du savoir-faire. Le cuir, naguère
simple matière transformée, devient ainsi le lieu d’un affrontement plus large entre
production, consommation, éthique et environnement; Producing and consuming leather and leather goods in
France in the second half of the XXth century - Leather is not just a material. It reflects deeper economic, social, and cultural transformations
in postwar France, shaped by the modernization of agriculture, the restructuring of industry,
and changing patterns of consumption. Sourced from slaughterhouses and tied to livestock
production, leather reveals the evolving relationship between humans, animals, and industrial
production. It carries within it a network of trades and territories, marked by technical expertise, regional specialization, and long histories. From the small artisan workshop to the
industrial tannery, from working-class shoes to luxury handbags, leather moves through every
layer of society. But the material is no longer unchallenged. From the 1970s onwards, it
comes under increasing scrutiny. Environmental concerns, anti-speciesist activism, animal
welfare campaigns, and shifting consumer ethics raise questions about how it is sourced, how
it is made, and who it benefits. Leather becomes a contested object, both prized and
politicized. It still circulates in the world of fashion, sport, and prestige, but its legitimacy is
no longer taken for granted. The industry responds by promoting transparency, sustainability,
and circularity, presenting leather not as exploitation, but as recycling—a by-product of meat
rather than its purpose.
Caught between decline and reinvention, leather becomes a marker of broader tensions:
between tradition and innovation, between local production and global trade, between
industrial heritage and ethical consumption. What was once a symbol of mastery over nature
becomes a site of negotiation, where materials, practices, and values collide. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10174/41758 |
| Type: | masterThesis |
| Appears in Collections: | BIB - Formação Avançada - Teses de Mestrado
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