Review of Sensors for Floating Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract

Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems offer a promising alternative for expanding solar energy production, allowing for the optimization of the use of existing grid interconnection points and reducing land-use conflicts. This paper systematically reviews sensors and monitoring strategies deployed in FPV systems, distinguishing itself from prior work by mapping sensor configurations to specific monitoring goals (e.g., environmental, energy performance, structural or ecological) and highlighting gaps in power autonomy, calibration, and integration. To evaluate sensor types, measured variables, and data handling protocols, 118 experimental studies were analyzed and recommendations to improve reproducibility and standardization are provided.