DSpace Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/10174/5652024-03-28T12:37:41Z2024-03-28T12:37:41ZThe road to 2027: mobilizing the science and innovation system to reach the UK’s 2.4% R&D spending targetCarvalho, Adãohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/328952022-12-27T16:40:14Z2022-07-19T23:00:00ZTitle: The road to 2027: mobilizing the science and innovation system to reach the UK’s 2.4% R&D spending target
Authors: Carvalho, Adão
Abstract: In the 2017 Industrial Strategy white paper , the UK Government has set the target of spending 2.4% of GDP in R&D by 2027 and transform the economy, aiming to reach a 3% goal in the longer term. That is an ambitious target and the likelihood of reaching it is rather small, but possible.2022-07-19T23:00:00ZR&D intensity at industry level: how does UK compare with top performing OECD countries?Carvalho, Adãohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/328892022-12-27T16:31:39Z2022-11-08T00:00:00ZTitle: R&D intensity at industry level: how does UK compare with top performing OECD countries?
Authors: Carvalho, Adão
Abstract: This study aims to compare R&D intensity at industry level between the UK and top performing OECD countries. The UK Government has set the target of spending 2.4% of GDP in R&D by 2027 and aims to place the UK in the top quartile of OECD countries. Increasing business expenditure on R&D (BERD) is pivotal to achieve this ambitious target. Industries have very different R&D intensities and the higher the R&D intensity of an industry, the greater its potential to increase BERD. From a policy perspective, it is important to know how R&D intensities of UK industries compare with those of the top performing OECD countries. The study uses data from the OECD ANBERD and STAN databases to calculate R&D intensity (R&D as percentage of value added) for more than 40 industries and for 17 OECD countries over a period of 10 years. The results show that more than 60% of BERD comes from the service sector in the UK while in 11 of the top performing OECD countries the manufacturing sector represents between 51% and 87.5% of BERD. The structure of BERD appears to be an important factor in explaining the stagnation of R&D intensity in the UK in recent decades. Concerning the high and medium R&D intensity industries, the UK’s R&D intensity performance is mixed: relatively good in industries like air and spacecraft and related machinery, weapons and ammunition or motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; but relatively poor in industries such as pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products, computer, electronic and optical products, software publishing, medical and dental instruments and supplies, chemicals and chemical products or electrical equipment.2022-11-08T00:00:00ZGoals-based R&D policy: high popularity, low effectiveness – What is the likelihood of the UK reaching its target of spending 2.4% of GDP on R&D by 2027?Carvalho, Adãohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/297402021-04-23T15:05:54Z2021-03-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Goals-based R&D policy: high popularity, low effectiveness – What is the likelihood of the UK reaching its target of spending 2.4% of GDP on R&D by 2027?
Authors: Carvalho, Adão
Abstract: Improving innovation and economic growth is a major concern of governments and they promote expenditure on R&D as a means to achieve that end. By setting R&D intensity goals, governments express their belief in R&D as a main driver of progress and change in a knowledge-based economy. It represents the awareness about the importance of knowledge in today’s competitive environment and the understanding by policymakers that a country needs to reach (even overcome) a certain level of R&D expenditure (as a percentage of GDP), particularly the business sector (BERD) but also universities (HERD) and other R&D performing sectors.2021-03-01T00:00:00ZMissed government targets bring research policy into disreputeCarvalho, Adãohttp://hdl.handle.net/10174/242272019-01-24T17:44:13Z2018-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Missed government targets bring research policy into disrepute
Authors: Carvalho, Adão
Abstract: In recent decades, setting targets for R&D spending as a percentage of GDP has become a common, even fashionable, practice in a growing number of countries, motivated by the belief that higher R&D spending is a
critical driver of innovation and economic growth. All EU member states have set such goals, along with the majority of OECD countries.2018-01-01T00:00:00Z