Integrating Artificial Intelligence Competencies in Academic Libraries: Perceptions of Portuguese Librarians

Abstract

The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education has been reshaping pedagogical practices, research processes, and information services, posing significant challenges for academic libraries and their professionals. In this evolving landscape, academic librarians occupy a strategic position as information intermediaries and are increasingly expected to develop, apply, and support competencies related to the critical, ethical, and responsible use of AI. Despite this relevance, empirical evidence regarding the perceptions of academic librarians in Portugal concerning the integration of AI competencies remains scarce. This study aims to examine the perceptions of Portuguese higher education librarians regarding the integration of artificial intelligence competencies within academic library contexts, drawing on the AI Competencies for Academic Library Workers framework approved by the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) in 2025. The research adopts a quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach, based on data collected through a structured questionnaire administered to professionals working in academic libraries across Portuguese higher education institutions. The data collection instrument operationalizes four core competency domains proposed by the ACRL framework: ethical considerations, knowledge and understanding of AI, analysis and evaluation of AI-based tools, and the use and application of artificial intelligence in library practices. The analysis focuses on librarians’ perceptions of institutional practices, levels of maturity across these domains, and the challenges and gaps associated with the integration of AI in academic libraries. By providing empirical insight into the current state of AI competency integration in Portuguese academic libraries, this study seeks to contribute to ongoing discussions on professional development, institutional policymaking, and the evolving role of librarians in the context of artificial intelligence and information literacy in higher education.